Basic Psychological Needs, Coping, and Psychological Distress Among Orphans Living in Orphan

Résumé

The purpose of the study is to explore the relationship of basic psychological needs, coping, and psychological distress among orphans living in orphanages. To examine the relationship between these variables quantitative method was used. A convenient sampling technique was used to collect the data. The sample consisted of 200 orphans of which 153 was male and 47 was female. The data was collected with the help of self-report measures i.e., Basic Psychological Needs Satisfaction and Frustration Scale (B`1234PNSF) by Van der Kaap-Deeder (2015), Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (CISS-21) by Somia (2020) and DASS-21 by Aslam (2017). The data was analyzed on the SPSS 26 version. There was a significant relationship between basic psychological needs frustration and psychological distress. Avoidance-focused coping and emotion-focused coping were significant predictors of psychological distress. Psychological distress was positively predicted by avoidance-focused coping and emotion-focused coping.

References

Aldwin, C. M. (2007). Stress, coping, and development: An integrative perspective. Guilford Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195375343.013.0002

Bakracheva, M. (2019). Coping effects on life meaning, basic psychological needs and well-being.

Psychology, 10(10), 1375. https://doi.org/10.4236/psych.2019.1010090

Bartholomew, K. J., Ntoumanis, N., Ryan, R. M., Bosch, J. A., & Thøgersen- Ntoumani, C. (2011). Self- determination theory and diminished functioning: The role of interpersonal control and psychological need thwarting. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 37(11), 1459-1473. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167211413125

Baumeister, R. F. & Leary, M. R. (2017). The need to belong: Desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human motivation. Interpersonal development, 57- 89. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351153683-3

Chirkov, V. I. (2009). A cross-cultural analysis of autonomy in education: A self- determination theory perspective. Theory and Research in Education, 7(2), 253- 262. https://doi.org/10.1177/1477878509104330

Danielson, C. M. & Emmers-Sommer, T. M. (2017). “She stopped me from killing myself”: Bullied bloggers’ coping behaviors and support sources. Health communication, 32(8), 977-986. https://doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2016.1196419

Deci, E. L. & Ryan, R. M. (2000). The" what" and" why" of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self- determination of behavior. Psychological inquiry, 11(4), 227- 268. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327965pli1104_01

Deci, E. L., Olafsen, A. H., & Ryan, R. M. (2017). Self-determination theory in work organizations: The state of a science. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 4, 19-43. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-032516-113108

Endler, N. S. & Parker, J. D. (1990). Multidimensional assessment of coping: A critical evaluation. Journal of personality and social psychology, 58(5), 844. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022- 3514.58.5.844

Gagne, M. (2003). Autonomy support and need satisfaction in the motivation and well- being of gymnasts. Journal of applied sport psychology, 15(4), 372-390. https://doi.org/10.1080/714044203

Greenberg, M. A. (1995). Cognitive Processing of Traumas: the role of intrusive thoughts and reappraisals 1. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 25(14), 1262- 1296. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.1995.tb02618.x

Ibrahim, A., El-Bilsha, M. A., El-Gilany, A. H., & Khater, M. (2012). Prevalence and predictors of

depression among orphans in Dakahlia’s orphanages,

Egypt. International Journal of Collaborative Research on Internal Medicine & Public Health, 4(12), 0-

1. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/373120

Jaser, S. S., Langrock, A. M., Keller, G., Merchant, M. J., Benson, M. A., Reeslund, K., ... & Compas, B. E. (2005). Coping with the stress of parental depression II: Adolescent and parent reports of coping and adjustment. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 34(1), 193-205. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15374424jccp3401_18

Kholifah, S. N., Wibrata, D. A., & Rahariyani, L. D. (2019). Psychological Needs of Adolescents in the Orphans. Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, 13(4). https://doi.org/10.5958/0973-9130.2019.00526.7

Kipp, L. E. & Weiss, M. R. (2013). Social influences, psychological need satisfaction, and well-being among female adolescent gymnasts. Sport, Exercise, and Performance Psychology, 2(1), 62. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0030236

Lazarus, R. S. & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, appraisal, and coping. Springer publishing company. https://doi.org/10.1037/t24801-000

Mahmoud, J. S. R., Staten, R. T., Hall, L. A., & Lennie, T. A. (2012). The relationship among young adult college students’ depression, anxiety, stress, demographics, life satisfaction, and coping styles.    Issues    in    mental    health    nursing,    33(3),    149-    156.

https://doi.org/10.3109/01612840.2011.632708

Mohammadzadeh, M., Awang, H., Ismail, S., & Kadir Shahar, H. (2018). Stress and coping mechanisms among adolescents living in orphanages: A n experience from Klang Valley, Malaysia. Asia‐ Pacific Psychiatry, 10(1), e12311. https://doi.org/10.1111/appy.12311

Ptacek, J. T. & Pierce, G. R. (2003). Issues in the study of stress and coping in rehabilitation settings.

Rehabilitation Psychology, 48(2), 113. https://doi.org/10.1037/0090-5550.48.2.113

Ryan, R. M. & Deci, E. L. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social                   development,       and        well-being.       American       psychologist,       55(1),        68.

https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066x.55.1.68

Ryan, R. M. & Deci, E. L. (2017). Self-determination theory: Basic psychological needs in motivation, development, and wellness. Guilford Publications. https://doi.org/10.1521/978.14625/28806 Sheldon, K. M. & Bettencourt, B. A. (2002). Psychological need‐satisfaction and subjective well‐being within           social       groups.   British   Journal of                   Social      Psychology,                41(1),         25-38.

https://doi.org/10.1348/014466602165036

Shiferaw, G., Bacha, L., & Tsegaye, D. (2018). Prevalence of depression and its associated factors among orphan children in orphanages in Ilu Abba Bor Zone, South West Ethiopia. Psychiatry journal, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/6865085

Shouket, H. & Dildar, S. (2020). Predictors of Orphanage Residents’ Life Satisfaction: Basic Psychological Needs and Cognitive Emotion Regulation. Pakistan Journal of Psychological Research, 493-508. https://doi.org/10.33824/pjpr.2020.35.3.26

Soenens, B., Deci, E. L., & Vansteenkiste, M. (2017). How parents contribute to children’s psychological health: The critical role of psychological need support. In Development of self-determination through the life-course (pp. 171-187).

Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-1042-6_13

Vansteenkiste, M. & Ryan, R. M. (2013). On psychological growth and vulnerability: basic psychological need satisfaction and need frustration as a unifying principle. Journal of psychotherapy integration, 23(3), 263. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0032359

World Health Organization (2014), Health for the World’s adolescents: A Second chance in the second

decade. http://www.who.int/maternalchildadolescent

Yusoff, M. S. B., Yee, L. Y., Wei, L. H., Siong, T. C., Meng, L. H., Bin, L. X., & Rahim, A. F. A. (2011). A

study on stress, stressors and coping strategies among Malaysian medical students. International Journal of Students' Research, 1(2). https://doi.org/10.5549/ijsr.1.2.45-50